(Raws li ib tug neeg muab kev ntseeg siab, HANGZHOU JECI BIOCHEM muaj ruaj khov - ntau lawm, siab - zoo NAD (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, CAS 53-84-9), xa cov ntaub ntawv raw cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha rau IVD thiab daim ntawv thov kev ntsuam xyuas metabolic. Peb cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws thiab kev tswj hwm nruj ua rau peb nyiam tus khub rau kev kuaj mob -qib NAD khoom.)
NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) yog ib qho tseem ceeb coenzyme ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov hlwb, uas muaj nyob rau hauv ob hom: oxidized daim ntawv (NAD⁺) thiab txo daim ntawv (NADH). Nws tuaj yeem hloov pauv los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv redox, tswj ntau yam txheej txheem lom neeg xws li cellular zog metabolism thiab teeb liab hloov. NAD koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzymatic tseem ceeb txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm Yog li ntawd, nws tau dhau los ua tus cim tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj mob biochemical thiab kuaj kab mob thaum ntxov. High-purity thiab siab-kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev ruaj ntseg- qib NAD cov khoom, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau hauv vitro diagnostic reagents (IVD) thiab cov khoom siv ntsuas metabolic, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev tshawb pom rhiab heev thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm qhov tshwm sim.
Kev Txhim Kho Keeb Kwm ntawm Diagnostic-Qib NAD
Xyoo 1906, Arthur Harden tau tshawb pom qhov "tsis paub meej coenzyme" uas txhawb cov metabolism thaum nws kawm txog cov poov xab cawv fermentation (tom qab ua pov thawj tias yog NAD).
Xyoo 1929, Hans von Euler-Chelpin tau txheeb xyuas cov qauv dinucleotide ntawm NAD.
Xyoo 1930, Otto Warburg tau piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem redox ntawm NAD thiab NADH, qhia meej tias NADH nthuav tawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ultraviolet absorption ntawm 340 nm thaum NAD tsis muaj qhov nqus ntawm qhov wavelength, tso lub hauv paus theoretical rau kev soj ntsuam enzymatic.
Xyoo 1948, Horecker et al. lees paub qhov molar extinction coefficient ntawm NADH ntawm 340 nm, ua kom muaj nuj nqis ncaj qha ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzyme los ntawm kev hloov pauv [1].
Xyoo 1961, Oliver H. Lowry tau tsim NAD(P)/H cycling method, pioneering quantitative analysis of tissue/cellular NAD(P)/H.
Los ntawm 1962 txog 1963, Boehringer Mannheim (tom qab ntawd tau txais los ntawm Roche) tau tsim cov khoom siv reagent raws li NADH 340 nm absorbance detection rau lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ua tiav thawj daim ntawv thov kev lag luam ntawm kev kuaj mob - qib NAD ua cov khoom siv coenzyme.
Xyoo 1973, Bernofsky et al. tsim lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ADH-PES-MTT amplification system (ADH-PES-MTT colorimetric system) [2]; 同年, Kato et al. (Lowry Laboratory) tau tsim ADH-MDH dual- enzyme cycling txoj kev, ua kom muaj kev nkag siab zoo ntawm NAD/NADH [3].
Txij thaum ntawd los, kev kuaj mob -qib NAD tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj biochemical niaj hnub thiab tau txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv kev txiav- ntug teb xws li neurodegenerative kab mob biomarker kev tshawb fawb, qog cov metabolism hauv, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas kev laus.
Diagnostic - qib NAD Daim Ntawv Thov Scenarios
Core Raw Materials rau Clinical Biochemical Diagnosis
① Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) kuaj pom
Detection Principple:
Lactate + NAD + ⟶LDH Pyruvate + NADH + H +
Daim ntawv thov Scenario: Department of Cardiology (mob myocardial infarction diagnosis), Clinical Laboratory (hemolytic anemia diagnosis), Hepatology (kab siab mob hlwb), thiab lwm yam.
Qhov ntau ntawm LDH: 140 - 280 U/L (cov neeg laus, qhov sib txawv muaj nyob ntawm txoj kev)
Clinical tseem ceeb: > 280 U/L (qhia txog kev puas tsuaj rau cov nqaij mos (siab, plawv, raum, nqaij, ntsws, thiab lwm yam)), > 500 U/L (feem ntau pom hauv myocardial infarction, hemolytic anemia, malignant qog, mob hnyav).
② Kev kuaj pom Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH).
Detection Principple:
Malic Acid + NAD + ⟶MDH Oxaloacetic Acid + NADH + H +
Daim ntawv thov Scenario: Clinical Reagents (kev kuaj mob mitochondrial), Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb (kev tshawb fawb mitochondrial), thiab lwm yam.
Qhov ntau yam ntawm MDH: 12.5 - 50 U/L (cov chaw soj nstuam sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis vim yog txoj kev tshawb pom thiab cov tshuaj reagents)
Clinical tseem ceeb: Qhov siab qhia txog kev raug mob mitochondrial, cov ntaub so ntswg necrosis, thiab lwm yam.
③ Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (ICDH) Kev Ntsuas
Detection Principple:
Isocitric Acid + NAD + ⟶ICDH -Ketoglutaric Acid + NADH + H +
Daim ntawv thov Scenario: Clinical Mitochondrial Disease Diagnosis, Scientific Research Field (kev soj ntsuam mob siab, kev tshawb fawb lub zog metabolism), thiab lwm yam.
Normal Range ntawm ICDH: 1 - 5 U/L (serum)
Clinical tseem ceeb: Kev nce siab qhia txog kev raug mob mitochondrial, raug mob hepatocyte, cov ntaub so ntswg necrosis, thiab lwm yam.
④ Creatine Kinase (CK) kuaj pom
Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Txoj Cai:
Phosphocreatine + ADPGlucose + ATPG-6-P + NAD + ⟶CK Creatine + ATP⟶HKG-6-P + ADP⟶G6PDH 6PG + NADH
Daim Ntawv Thov: Department of Cardiology (mob myocardial infarction, myocarditis), Orthopedics / Emergency Department (muscle raug mob, rhabdomyolysis), Neurology (myopathy), thiab lwm yam.
Ib txwm muaj CK: Txiv neej 38 - 174 U/L; Poj niam 26 - 140 U/L (qhov txawv ntawm txoj kev)
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob: Cov qib siab qhia tau hais tias myocardial lossis skeletal leeg raug mob, feem ntau pom hauv myocardial infarction, myocarditis, rhabdomyolysis, kev tawm dag zog, thiab lwm yam.
⑤ Kev kuaj ntshav qabzib
Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Txoj Cai:
Glucose + ATPG-6-P + NAD + ⟶HKG-6-P + ADP⟶G6PDH 6PG + NADH
Daim Ntawv Thov: Endocrinology (Kev kuaj mob ntshav qab zib thiab kuaj ntshav qabzib), Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kub Ntxhov (hypoglycemic coma, hyperglycemic Emergency Diagnosis), Kev Kho Mob Tseem Ceeb (ICU tus neeg mob ntshav qabzib xyuas), thiab lwm yam.
Cov piam thaj ntau npaum li cas: yoo mov 3.9 - 6.1 mmol/L; 2 teev tom qab noj mov <7.8 mmol / L
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob: Kev nce qib tau pom hauv ntshav qab zib, kev ntxhov siab hyperglycemia; Cov qib qis yog pom hauv hypoglycemia, insulinoma, kab mob siab heev, thiab lwm yam.
⑥ Lactate Detection
Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Txoj Cai:
Lactate + NAD + ⟶LDH Pyruvate + NADH + H +
Daim Ntawv Thov: Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kub Ntxhov (kev ntsuam xyuas kev poob siab / cov ntaub so ntswg hypoxia), ICU (post - kev txiav txim siab cawm neeg mob), Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Mob plawv (lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm), Kab mob sib kis (sepsis), Cov Tshuaj Kho Mob (cov neeg ncaws pob 'kev ntsuas lub cev muaj peev xwm), thiab lwm yam.
Qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm lactate: 0.5 - 2.2 mmol/L (venous ntshav)
以下是图片内容的英文翻译,严格保持原格式:
⑦ Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Galactose
Detection Principple:
-D-Galactose+NAD+⟶GalDHGalactonic Acid+NADH+H+
Daim ntawv thov Scenario: Neonatal Screening (Galactosemia Diagnosis), Pediatrics (Inborn Errors of Metabolism), Gastroenterology (Lactose Intolerance Identification), Hepatology (Kev ntsuam xyuas lub siab ua haujlwm), thiab lwm yam.
Qhov ntau yam ntawm GalactoseKev yoo mov: <0.28 mmol/L; Cov menyuam yug tshiab: <1.11 mmol/L
Clinical tseem ceeb: Cov qib siab tau pom hauv galactosemia, kab mob siab tsis txaus, congenital galactose metabolic enzyme deficiency, thiab lwm yam.
⑧ Kev Ntsuas Ethanol
Detection Principple:
Ethanol + NAD + ⟶ADHAcetaldehyde + NADH + H +
Daim ntawv thov Scenario: Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Kub Ntxhov (Kev Kho Mob Cuam Cuam Cuam Tshuam), Lub Chaw Tshawb Xyuas Lub Cev (Tsav Tsheb Caw Caw Caw), Forensic Identification (Kev Ntsuas Ntshav Cuam Tshuam Ntshav), thiab lwm yam.
Li qub ntau yam ntawm Ethanol: 0 mmol / L (Tsis yog- neeg haus dej haus)
Clinical tseem ceeb: Cov qib siab qhia tau hais tias haus cawv lossis cawv lom; Cov concentration ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb kev nyuaj siab, ua pa thiab circulatory inhibition.
⑨ -Hydroxybutyrate Detection
Detection Principple:
-Hydroxybutyric Acid + NAD + ⟶ -HBDHAcetoacetic Acid + NADH + H +
Daim ntawv thov Scenario: Endocrinology (Diabetic Ketoacidosis Diagnosis), Nutrition (Dietary Intake Monitoring), thiab lwm yam.
Li qub ntawm -HydroxybutyrateCov ntshav yoo mov: <0.27 mmol/L (Qhov txawv ntawm txoj kev)
Clinical tseem ceeb: Cov qib siab qhia tau hais tias mob ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis, tshaib plab, ntev - yoo mov, cawv ketoacidosis, thiab lwm yam.
以下是图片内容的英文翻译,严格保持原格式:
⑨ -Hydroxybutyric Acid Detection
Detection Principple:
-Hydroxybutyric Acid + NAD + ⟶ -HBDHAcetoacetic Acid + NADH + H +
Daim ntawv thov Scenario: Endocrinology (Diabetic Ketoacidosis Diagnosis), Khoom noj khoom haus (Kev Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv), thiab lwm yam.
Ntau yam ntawm -Hydroxybutyric AcidCov ntshav yoo mov: <0.27 mmol/L (Qhov txawv ntawm txoj kev)
Clinical tseem ceeb: Cov qib siab qhia tau hais tias mob ntshav qab zib ketoacidosis, tshaib plab, ntev - yoo mov, haus dej cawv ketosis, thiab lwm yam.
Biomarkers rau Kev Ntsuas Kab Mob
NAD, raws li biomarker rau kev ntsuam xyuas kab mob, tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev kho mob txhais lus. Xyoo 2022, NADMED's Q-NADMED Ntshav NAD⁺/NADH Cov Khoom Siv Tshawb Nrhiav tau dhau los ua lub ntiaj teb thawj NAD cov khoom kuaj pom kom tau txais CE- ntawv pov thawj IVD (In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Directive). Nws kuaj pom qhov concentrations ntawm NAD⁺ thiab NADH hauv tib neeg cov ntshav, nrog rau kev kuaj pom tsis pub dhau NAD⁺: 330 nM; NADH: 119 nM. NAD⁺ concentration nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntshav ntawm cov neeg laus noj qab nyob zoo yog kwv yees li 18 μM (ntau: 15-23 μM) [4], siv rau kom muaj nuj nqis ntawm tag nrho cov ntshav thiab saib xyuas ntawm NAD precursor kho cov teebmeem. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tsis tau pom zoo ua tus kab mob ywj pheej ntawm kev kuaj mob.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm NAD / NADH piv rau hauv cov kua cerebrospinal lossis ntshav hauv cov kab mob neurodegenerative (xws li, Alzheimer's kab mob, Parkinson's disease), qog metabolism, thiab kev ntsuam xyuas kev laus yog tau kawm tob [5-8], tab sis tam sim no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam thiab kev tshawb fawb. kuaj mob.
>Market Landscape of Diagnostic-qib NAD<
Tam sim no, kev kuaj mob thoob ntiaj teb - qib NAD kev lag luam yog nyob rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob sai uas tau tsav los ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev xav tau kev loj hlob. Kev lag luam tau hloov pauv sai sai ntawm kev ntshuam- dominated rau kev hloov pauv hauv tsev. Kev kuaj mob hauv vitro qhia txog kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv: txawm hais tias tag nrho cov khoom siv reagent tau txo qis, cov tuam txhab ua lag luam (xws li Roche Diagnostics, Mindray Medical) nyob ruaj khov thiab nthuav mus rau hauv cov haujlwm tshiab xws li kev ntsuam xyuas metabolic thiab kev ntsuam xyuas kev laus, thaum me me thiab nruab nrab - cov tuam txhab loj txo cov kab ntau lawm vim cov nyiaj tau los.
Cov chaw muag khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj mob- qib NAD suav nrog: Roche, Oriental Poov, SunClone Bio, Shenzhen Bangtai, thiab lwm yam.
Cov ntaub ntawv
[1] HORECKER BL, KORNBERG A. Lub extinction coefficients ntawm qhov txo qis ntawm pyridine nucleotides[J]. J Biol Chem, 1948, 175(1): 385 - 90.
[2] BENFORSKY C, SWAN M. Ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas cycling zoo rau nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide[J]. Anal Biochem, 1973, 53(2): 452 - 8.
[3] KATO T, BERNTSEN O, CARTER S, et al. Ib txoj kev enzymic cycling rau nicotinamide - adenine dinucleotide nrog malic thiab cawv dehydrogenases [J]. Anal Biochem, 1973, 56(2): 392 - 8.
[4] NATALIA V Balshova, Lev G Zavileysky, Artem V Artukhov, et al. Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Ua Tau Zoo thiab Kev Ntsuas Qhov Tseem Ceeb ntawm NAD⁺ hauv Tib Neeg Ntshav [J]. Pem Hauv Ntej Med, 2022, 9, 886645.
[5] LAN Z P. A Novel Biomarker Detection System thiab Nws Daim Ntawv Thov hauv Suav Teb [Patent]. Tuam Tshoj, 119560018A[P]. 2024 - 11 - 12.
[6] YAN L, Sun MR, WU J, et al. Ib Hom Fluorescent Probe rau Kev Ntsuas Pyrimidine Nucleosides thiab Nws Txoj Kev Npaj thiab Daim Ntawv Thov: Tuam Tshoj, 117887460A[P]. 2025 - 09 - 02.
[7] JIN LP, ZHAO X, LU Y, et al. Kev txiav txim siab chromogenic ntawm Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide thiab nws cov metabolites siv Pyridine Nucleosides ua Cofactors thiab nws daim ntawv thov hauv kev kuaj mob lossis kho cov kua dej Fermentative [J]. Tuam Tshoj, 112694070A[P]. 2023 - 12 - 22.
[8] HONG J, Han ZW, NING XQ, et al. Daim ntawv thov ntawm NAD⁺ ua Molecular Marker rau Customized Development of Products for Diagnosing Women Genital Organ Discomfort [J]. Suav teb, 118109777A[P]. 2024 - 05 - 10.
